Category: Climate change

  • Post-consumerism

    As I write today, the BBC has a gloomy headline: “Brexit causes dramatic drop in UK economy”.  There has been a “dramatic deterioration”, a “record slump”, we are heading for “recession” and there is more “pain” to come.  What do these words mean?  It seems they mean we have been buying less stuff than normal, and been less busy.  The decline in busyness means a fall in business.

    If we are less busy, that presumably means we have more time for “leisure” activities, for enjoying our gardens, sports and hobbies, and for appreciating each other.  It presumably means we are doing less irreversible environmental damage, causing less noise and pollution, using up irreplaceable resources at a slower rate.

    We are brainwashed into believing there is no alternative to feverish and frenetic consumption.  Inculcated, we rush about and buy stuff; we don’t know what to do with ourselves if we are not.  There is an art to inactivity; and, as with all arts, if it is not practised then we are not good at it.

    Post-consumerism

    In the depressed aftermath of Britain’s vote to leave the EU, a new phrase is in the media: post-truth politics.  It is a phrase apparently coined by the newly embittered establishment to describe its perception of a new era in which brazen liars with money and media presence can dupe the masses into foolish decisions that harm us all.  It is not a phrase that suggests much acquaintance with history, though: after all, propaganda is hardly novel.

    On the other hand, it seems that we still live in a world of pre-truth economics.  Pre-truth because economists have not yet developed a truthful theory for living sustainably, at peace with the world as a whole and not just our family or friends.  Even the more unconventional economists like Ha-Joon Chang still, so far as I am aware, pay unquestioning homage to “economic growth”.

    Now growth is fundamental to all of nature, and there is no way that we could stifle growth per se, even if it were a good idea, which it is not.  But growth is synonymous with economic growth only to minds narrowed by orthodoxy.  The challenge we face is to develop more interesting concepts of growth than consumerism.  We need to develop a broad new way of life we might term “post-consmerism”.

    Why work?

    If we consume less and try to live modestly, then less money will be generated in the economy.  This need not mean our welfare state, infrastructure and health service are doomed; but it probably is the case we will have to apportion a larger share of our wealth than we do currently to nurture them.  We will be materially less well off, and there will be less work done overall.  Yet it is entirely possible, despite a reduction in the aggregate expenditure in work of our time and energy, for us still to look after the physical and ethical fabric of our homes and communities better than we do currently.

    The thought of not working, or working significantly less than at present, frightens most of us.  It makes us more aware of ourselves – our insecurity, anger and fear – and our mortality.  Without the structure of work, we have the dizzying freedom to make our own mistakes.  As Alain de Botton thoughtfully concludes in his book ‘The Pleasures and Sorrows of Work’, the justification for our jobs is often that they “will have kept us out of greater trouble”.

    We need each other and we need structure.  Though we pretend we thirst for freedom, what we really desire is to feel safe.  Our work-hard-and-consume-hard way-of-life seems to fulfill that desire (even though, paradoxically, it makes the planet less safe for human habitation).  We need to recognize this in our own lives, and consider how else we could live, still in a structured society, and still feel safe.

    This does not require an overthrow of capitalism, but it does imply a revolution in our daily routine.  We need to be materially poorer, more modest in our diet, to live more communally, and to rely more on our own bodies for transport.

    It is a vision that only seems depressing when we do not consider the real motives behind  our current way of life, and the disappointments of its ostensible rewards.

     

  • Climate change and self-deception

    “The fall in emissions within the UK is real … if we look at consumption emissions, then yes, our analysis suggests our carbon footprint has increased since 1993, as growth in imported emissions has more than offset the reduction in emissions produced within the UK” 

    Committee on Climate Change website, June 2016

    Visit the CCC’s website, and you are greeted on the home page with an encouraging graph.  It shows total UK greenhouse gas emissions falling from 800 MtCO2 equivalent in 1990 to 500 MtCO2 equivalent in 2015.  At this rate of reduction, we will be down to about 100 MtCO2 in 2050, as the graph shows.

    There is only one snag.  It is not true.

    Elsewhere on the same website, the CCC is a little more honest.  If imported emissions (emissions associated with the manufacture and transport of goods that we import and consume in the UK) are taken into account, then our national emissions have increased over the last twenty years, it admits.  And in fact, it is worse still, because national statistics do not account for international aviation.  Total air passenger numbers (UK) have roughly doubled since 1990 according to UK aviation statistics.

    We believe what we want to believe

    I know people at the CCC and I think they want to believe in their own efficacy.  We all do.  But the unfortunate truth is that our carbon footprint is growing not shrinking.  And this is not good news, given that (again to use CCC’s own data) the average per capita carbon footprint globally needs to fall to around 2-3 tCO2e per annum by 2050 if we are to stand any chance of averting the 2 degree C temperature increase that worries nearly all climate scientists.  Currently the average person in Britain has a footprint of 10-15 tCO2e, depending how you measure the impact of imported goods and international aviation.

    We believe what we want to believe.  I am reminded of an episode in the “great debate” on Brexit a few days ago.  A leave spokeswoman claimed that 60% of our laws are made in Europe.  This was denounced as a lie by an angry remain supporter (Ruth Davidson) who produced a statistic that the correct figure was something like 10%.  Safe to say there wasn’t agreement on 60%, whatever the true figure.

    After the debate, four individuals were interviewed, two from each side, all of whom thought their side had won and had thereby become more entrenched in their viewpoint.  One of the Leave supporters said he had not realised before the debate that 60% of our laws are made in Europe …

    So it is with climate change.  We want to believe we are on track, that our lifestyle does not need to change, that the problem is with other countries not doing their bit (such as China, polluting the planet by making the things we consume).  And because we want to believe we are on track, we do, with remarkable tenacity in the face of the evidence.